Questions On The Nature Of Interpretation - 850 Words

Hypothetical Misinterpretation Jerrold Levinson, a prominent hypothetical intentionalist, through his explanation of the relationship between artworks and exploratory interpretations, has gone under criticism for allowing misinterpretations to be deemed as valid â€Å"could mean† options. However, one finds when reading â€Å"Two Notions of Interpretation† and â€Å"Intention and Interpretation in Literature† that these criticisms are effectively countered by two arguments that Levinson presents. Firstly, although the exploratory mode of inquiry can have multiple, if not infinite, could mean answers, it also has could not mean answers. These could not mean interpretations provide insight into the work and allow for interpretations to be judged on a scale†¦show more content†¦Because they are ludic and not grounded in physical realities one can come up with multiple â€Å"correct† interpretations that are sound but mutually exclusive. To construe what something could mean, Levinson proposes that we, as interpreters, be pragmatic and use logic in combination with our given knowledge of the contexts of works to determine their interpretations. Although there exists an impulse to either exclusively use does mean or could mean modes of inquiry, like an x-ray for the former and a metaphor for the latter, the two modes actually have mutual implications. To examine an x-ray for what it means is to postulate what it could mean and then come to an apt conclusion. To examine a metaphor is to find what is a plausible response in a determinative context of semantic possibilities. There also exist instances of purely could mean inquiries, says Levinson, like the infinite volumes of Babel, but without a does mean interpretation available, as there are no intentions behind the works, the infinite possible could mean interpretations create an absence of meaning. 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Essay about Hamlets Anger and Morality in William...

Hamlets Anger and Morality in William Shakespeares Hamlet In Shakespeares Hamlet, Hamlet is faced with emotional and physical hardship. The suffering that he endures causes his character to develop certain idiosyncrasies. Morality has a significant importance to Hamlet. At the beginning of the play, Hamlet possesses a strong sense of morality. A sense that is stronger than all other characters. Hamlets actions and feelings are controlled by his morality. His morality grows weaker as the play progresses. Hamlets opinions toward the characters within the play are determined by his moral standpoint. As the play goes on, Hamlets tendency of thinking too much causes him to become mad. Hamlets focal problem is his madness. As†¦show more content†¦After stabbing Claudius, Hamlet forces him to drink from the poisoned wine saying, Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dame, Drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother(The king dies.)(5.2 327-329). Hamlet does not only value his own morality, but also the morality of others. Besides worrying about his own morality, his mothers morality has much significance to him. As Robert Luyster states, Hamlet would have Gertrude, like himself, become purified, but this can only be done through the acceding to consciousness claim to be hard(Luyster 77). Hamlet contemplates his every action. This problem eventually overwhelms him while also causing his madness. The depth of his thought concerning the murder of Claudius following Hamlets play reveals his madness. Reason and action are not opposed in Hamlet, but for most of the play, they fail to coalesce as either we or the characters would like them to (Kastan 48). Throughout the play, Hamlet questions his every action. Elliot writes, Claudius, to be sure, according to the Ghosts story, has obtained the throne by killing a king. 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Old Testament vs. Hellenic Divine Intervention Essay Example For Students

Old Testament vs. Hellenic Divine Intervention Essay Old Testament vs. Hellenic Divine InterventionThe Old Testament and Hellenic texts we have studied have numerousexamples of divine intervention. The range and complexity in human affairs thatthese interventions occur have similar, yet different attributes. Both textsdescribe divine intervention as a way of explaining why things happen(ed) andbeing chosen by God or gods to fulfill a destiny. Both also see divineintervention as something that can not be understood by humans; God or the godshave their reasons why people are chosen and why certain gifts, events, andcatastrophes happen and we will never understand the reasoning. Differences inthe texts stem from the reasons they are the same; why certain people are chosen,why events happen, etc. The range and complexity in human affairs of divine intervention asdescribed in the Hellenic texts and the Old Testament are similar because of theinterference in human affairs, yet they are different because of why certainpeople are chosen to fulfill a destiny. For instance, in the Old Testament, Godchooses Noah and his family to be the only survivors after the flood that wipesout the earth. His destiny was to build the ark and take a pair of every livingcreature to help repopulate the earth after everything is wiped out. This issimilar to Oedipus at Colonus, in the Hellenic texts, because the gods chooseOedipus to save the city of Colonus from his own sons. They differ because God,in the Old Testament, chooses rather blindly. He does not choose people for anyreason except that is who He wanted. If He does choose, it is based on goodnessor loyalty to Him. The gods of Hellenic texts, like in Oedipus at Colonus, thegods choose Oedipus because of his wisdom and his family line. The Hel lenictexts choose based on prestige, family, and honor. Another example of this isthe story Joseph in the Old Testament. Joseph was chosen to be a powerfulruler in Egypt for no reason whatsoever, just because God wanted him to be. InThe Illiad, this would never happen, Achilles is chosen to defeat Hector becauseof his prestige, honor, and family line. Achilles is not chosen because Zeusjust wanted him to. Not just anybody could have killed Hector, it had to besomeone famous. In the Old Testament, divine intervention, especially in Genesis,plays a very important part. For example, in The Creation of the Universe,God wills everything into being. God said, Let there be light,' (Genesis1:5) Then God said, Let the earth produce growing things,' (Genesis 1:11)God said, Let the earth bring forward living creatures,' (Genesis 1:24). These things, and others, are a way to explain why we have light, plants,animals, etc. Also in Genesis, in the story of Adam and Eve, the punishmentthat mankind receives for Adam and Eve eating the forbidden fruit explains manshardships. To the woman he said: I shall give you great labour inchildbearing You will desire your husband, but he will be your master,'(Genesis 3:16). To the man he said: . the earth shall be cursed. Youwill get your food from it only by labour all the days of your life; it willyield thorns and thistles for you,' (Genesis 3:17- 18). The Hellenic texts are different because certain events, good or bad,may only happen because of a gods fondness or dislike for a mortal, or just forthe gods own amusement. An instance of this occurs in The Illiad, when Parisand Menelaus are in combat in Book Three, Aphrodite saves Paris from defeat, andtakes him away to his bedroom. She interfered because of her fondness of Parisfor her own amusement. Also, in The Illiad, Zeuss fondness of Hector resultsin Hectors almost invincibility through most of the story. Zeus protects himin every way, except when the other chosen one, Achilles, comes into battle,which results in Achilles killing Hector. .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 , .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .postImageUrl , .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 , .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461:hover , .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461:visited , .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461:active { border:0!important; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461:active , .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461 .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77432d75f5e8adea630091a967672461:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Letter to My Father - Economics EssayThere are; however, several examples in which the Hellenic texts aresimilar to the Old Testament in respect to divine intervention. For instance,in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, Oedipus is destined to become kingof Thebes only to be exiled from Thebes to fulfill a greater destiny. Nosickness can destroy me, nothing can. I would never have been saved from death-I have been saved for something great and terrible, something strange. Well letmy destiny come and take me on its way! (Oedipus the King, p. 246 lines 1594-1598). The gods are about to raise you to your feet- till now they were benton your destruction. (Oedipus at Colon us, p. 306 lines 432-434). The Old Testament and Hellenic texts acts of divine intervention aresimilar because both texts rely greatly on these acts. They are included toexplain the unexplainable. They are very different because of the ways Godintervenes and the ways the gods intervene. God does not intervene because itis a game to Him, like the gods in Hellenic texts do. The gods choosehonorable, wise, royalty, type of people to fulfill important destinies, whileGod chooses based on nothing, and if He does, it is based on loyalty andgoodness. In these ways the Hellenic texts and the Old Testament compare acontrast. English

Female Mill Workers in England and Japan free essay sample

B Mr. Carmer March 24, 2013 Comparing Workers in England and Japan The Industrial Revolution was the greatest transforming event in human history. Big factors in the revolution were the human figures. Such as exhausted laborers pouring molten steel or the eight year old child working with a bottling machine. But the main focus will be the women and young girls in the textile industry of England and Japan. Most spinning and weaving for the textile industry were done in homes and small shops but a big change in human history was when process of spinning and weaving were moved to factories and done by machine. Because women and young girls have such nimble fingers they were perfect for operating the machines since they required special skills. In England the textile revolution began around 1760 and a series of inventions changed the way cloth was made in England. Many of the inventions were replacing hand weaving and spinning and moved to the factories. We will write a custom essay sample on Female Mill Workers in England and Japan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As textile manufactures went from the home to the factory, so did thousands of English women. In Japan the revolution began in 1868 when a teen-age emperor, Mutsuhito took over a new power in Japanese government. The goal was to make Japan an equal to western nations. To accomplish this, they began to invest in coal mines, textile mills, shipyards and many others. Technology for the investments already existed it was more of a question of seeking out advice. This is when European experts were invited to Japan to advise the Japanese on how to establish industry. In conclusion, European and Japanese female mill workers were very similar and critical to the rise in power. Some examples of differences between female mill workers are wage, age and working conditions.

Punks Evolution essays

Punk's Evolution essays "Punk is: a movement that serves to refute social attitudes that have been perpetuated through willful ignorance of human nature," at least according to Greg Graffin, a man who has a PhD and is also the lead singer of the punk band Bad Religion. This idea of social change in music is not new, by any means. People such as Bob Dylan, John Lennon, and many others had written songs of political injustice and the need for social change for a long time before punks were around. What made this different was the aggressiveness that they attacked these subjects with, a desperate, youthful, anarchic view that wanted change and they wanted it now. The Past 30 years have seen Punk music evolve with several punk revolutions in between. While Punk music is still thriving today for the most part the Punk ideology is dead. The initial idea that Punk could inspire social change through opposing mainstream methods failed due to the mainstreams acceptance and exploitation of the punk lifestyle. No one is quite sure who started punk first. Many would argue that it was the Ramones in New York with the CBGB club, while others would say it was the Clash and the Sex Pistols in England. However there is no controversy over when the movement began in the mid 1970s. Punk was a unique phenomenon, it was music that started in the underground to try and change mainstream societal problems. Punk was a stance against consumerism, racism, prejudice or any other negative ill that was seen in the mainstream. At this time punk was its most raw and shocking and was best described as youth angst against mainstream society. More than anything punks strived very hard to be individuals. They were not Hippies preaching peace and love and they were definitely not practicing mainstream American values. Punks wanted to tear down the barriers in society, cause anarchy and ultimately force society to change. But most of all Punks wanted to achieve this cha...

Crime Data Sources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crime Data Sources - Assignment Example For UCR program, crime data is collected in two ways: traditional summary reporting and National Incident-Based Reporting held at state level where all local agencies report to their respective state UCR programs. These two methods capture data from a myriad of primary and secondary sources. Information acquired is accessible to the public, researchers and the media on the existing crime levels in the US. The UCR is vital in key policy issues as it captures data for multiple years on different crimes (FBI, nd). These surveys collect data on a sample representative of the nation on personal and domestic victimization in the US. The survey has been ongoing from its inception in 1973. The sample size is estimated at 40000 households with an average population of 75000 where each household is surveyed twice in the year the household is selected, but a household can be interviewed for a period more than one year but not exceeding 3 years and limited to 7 interviews (BSJ, nd). The surveys target to gather information about crimes and their consequences; estimate unreported crimes; provide measures to curb selected crimes; and allow comparisons between different geographical areas over time. The survey is important as it provides data used to estimate probability of victimization for the population as a whole plus other interest segments like racial groups, geographical locations etc. NCVS also provides a national platform for victims to describe the effects of crime and profile violent offenders. These surveys are sponsored by the justice department through the Bureau of Justice statistics (Fisher& Lab, 2010). The international victimization survey provides worldwide information on crime victimization, allowing for contrast and evaluation between countries. The survey is administered by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and aspires to set the standard for victimization reporting. The survey is conducted through

Consumer Proection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer Proection - Essay Example First of all, according to the Consumer Credit Act, a credit organization is now allowed to come into repossession of the goods bought in credit in case all payments and installments are performed in due time. According to the latest amendments, included into the Consumer Credit Act 2006, all agreements higher than  £25,000 are now subject to the regulation by this act and thus the Act statements can be used in Dove’s attempt to protect its rights. The case is in fact connected with the fact that the seller has used the misleading trade descriptions when selling the goods to Duck, and the seller in this case is subject to penalties according to the Trade Descriptions Law 1968. - the clause 17, on the basis of which Chicken Credit Ltd demanded the payment of the sum of  £13,629 in addition to the arrears of installments of  £5,043 is not valid, as Dove Ltd didn’t initiate the termination of the agreement, and just wanted the changes of the agreement on the basis of the dysfunction of the goods (the lorries) he has bought. - the clause 17 may be subjected by Dove Ltd under the statements and regulations of the Unfair Contract Terms Act as the agreement terms, which break the consumer rights of Dove Ltd and thus demand too high arrears sums and installments in case he decides to terminate the agreement with Chicken Credit Ltd; - even in case the actions of Chicken Credit Ltd were partially right, they had to keep to the term of 14 days before repossessing the goods, according to the Consumer Credit Act 2006. As far as the 14 days term has not been followed by the Chicken Credit Ltd after having sent the notice to Dove Ltd, it may address the court in his request to recognize the credit company’s actions as illegal. The same actions may be performed in relation to the clause 17 of the credit agreement, though there are some notes, which should be taken into account by Dove Ltd. First of all, under