An Introduction to Anasazi Puebloan Societies

Anasazi is the archaeological term used to describe prehistoric Puebloan peoples of the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. This term was used to distinguish their culture from other Southwestern groups like the Mogollon and Hohokam. A further distinction in Anasazi culture is made by archaeologists and historians between Western and Eastern Anasazi, using the Arizona/New Mexico border as a fairly arbitrary divide. The people who resided in Chaco Canyon are considered Eastern Anasazi. The term Anasazi is an English corruption of a Navajo word meaning Enemy Ancestors or Ancient Ones. Modern Puebloan people prefer to use the term Ancestral Puebloans. Current archaeological literature as well tends to use the phrase Ancestral Pueblo to describe the pre-contact people that lived in this region. Cultural Characteristics Ancestral Puebloan cultures reached their maximum presence between AD 900 and 1130. During this period, the landscape of the entire Southwest was dotted by large and small villages constructed in adobe and stone bricks, built along the canyon walls, the mesa top or hanging over the cliffs. Settlements: The most famous examples of Anasazi architecture are the famous Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde National Parks. These areas contain settlements constructed on the mesa top, at the bottom of the canyon, or along the cliffs. Cliff dwellings are typical of Mesa Verde, whereas Great Houses are typical of Chacoan Anasazi. Pithouses, underground rooms, were also typical dwellings of Ancestral Puebloan people in their earlier times.Architecture: Buildings were usually multistory and clustered near the canyon or cliff walls and were reached through wooden ladders. Anasazi constructed typical round or squared structures, called kivas, which were ceremonial rooms.Landscape: Ancient Puebloan people shaped their landscape in many ways. Ceremonial roads connected Chacoan villages among them and with important landmarks; staircases, like the famous Jackson Staircase, link the bottom of the canyon with the mesa top; irrigation systems provided water for farming and, finally, rock art, such as petroglyphs and pictographs, dots the rocky walls of many sites surrounding, testifying to the ideology and religious beliefs of these peoples.Pottery: Ancestral Puebloans crafted elegant vessels, in different shapes, such as bowls, cylindric vessels, and jars with distinct decorations typical of each Anasazi group. Motifs included both geometric elements as well as animals and humans usually portrayed in dark colors over a cream background, like the famous black-on-white ceramics.Craftwork: Other craft productions in which Ancestral Puebloan excelled were basketry, and turquoise inlay works. Social Organization For most of the Archaic period, people living in the Southwest were foragers. By the beginning of the Common Era, cultivation was widespread and maize became one of the main staples. This period marks the emergence of the typical traits of Puebloan culture. Ancient Puebloan village life was focused on farming  and both productive and ceremonial activities centered around agricultural cycles. Storage of maize and other resources lead to surplus formation, which was re-invested in trading activities and feasting celebrations. Authority was probably held by religious and prominent figures of the community, who had access to food surpluses and imported items. Anasazi Chronology The Anasazi prehistory is divided by archaeologists into two main time frames: Basketmaker (AD 200-750) and Pueblo (AD 750-1600/historic times). These periods span from the beginning of settled life until the Spanish takeover. See the detailed Anasazi timelineSee details on the Rise and Fall of Chaco Canyon Anasazi Archaeological Sites and Issues Penasco BlancoChetro KetlPueblo BonitoChaco CanyonKivaChaco Road System Sources: Cordell, Linda 1997, Archaeology of the Southwest. Second Edition. Academic Press Kantner, John, 2004, Ancient Puebloan Southwest, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Vivian, R. Gwinn Vivian and Bruce Hilpert 2002, The Chaco Handbook. An Encyclopedic Guide, The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City Edited by  K. Kris Hirst

Abraham Maslow Case Study - 1408 Words

Still, Abraham Maslow, a theorist mentioned in our textbook, attempted to synthesize a large body of research related to human motivation and posited a hierarchy of five basic motivational needs: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization and although he recognized that not all personalities followed his proposed hierarchy, these needs suggested that before a more sophisticated, higher order need can be met, certain primary needs had to be satisfied first. However, it is not surprising that the collective works of the major researchers in motivation theory held validity in their right, but their theories were vigorously studied and applied by businesses looking to improve motivation as a means to increase†¦show more content†¦(Weber, Little, Henry, Lavelle, 2001) Then, agreed to accept, again without admitting or denying responsibility, an antifraud SEC injunction in the Waste Management case and a class action settlement without admitting any fault. Andersen largely escaped the consolidations that created other accounting-consulting behemoths, it survived the contentious splitting off most of its consulting operations into Accenture, a move that toppled Andersen from the No. 1 in accounting to No. 5. This time, Andersen’s fate turned and it has become the poster child for accounting blunders which is a far cry from â€Å"the stand-up firm† according Joseph Berardino, Andersen’s new CEO. (Weber, Little, Henry, Lavelle, 2001) Conversely, Andersen had a â€Å"One Firm† concept to promote the idea of a universally high standard of client service provided by people who were trained the same way. Besides, the firm’s operations were so standardized that any employee could take over the duties and files of another employee of the same rank at a day’s notice. Andersen had the essence of uniformity and a standardized appearance enforced through a rigid dress code. IShow MoreRelatedMaslows Theory1321 Words   |  6 PagesBiography Abraham Harold Maslow, the founder of humanistic psychology, was born in New York City on April 1, 1908 and died at home in California in 1970 (Maslow, Abraham Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010) (Abraham H. Maslow: a Bibliography: Professional biography, 1970). He received his AB, MA, and PhD in psychology from the University of Wisconsin (1970). His work as a United States (U.S.) psychologist started in 1932 after he started working as a teaching fellow (1970). Maslow also taughtRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Influence On The Human Psyche1660 Words   |  7 Pagesprinciples and researching specific cases. There are many questions about the human psyche, and brain that are unanswered, which is why we must appreciate those who have gave so much of their time, and studies spent towards figuring that out. 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Work Flow Analysis Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: What is business process design Why is it important for the organization? Answer: The organizations rapidly understand that the initial step of any major project is to examine as well as define the business process and then converse those procedures to the people who require them. This applies to all irrespective integrating standalone IT project; applying web services to link an ad-hoc association of partners plus suppliers. The business process is mainly a set of rationally linked business activists that incorporate to provide something that value to consumers. The business process can be viewed individually as distinct steps in a business cycle, or cumulatively a set of actions that make the value chain of a company and involved that specific value chain with the requirement of the consumer (Cousins and Stewart, 2017). The business process is created within an organization to deliver some valuable things to the customers. Moreover, a companys business process can be described in best way by the business process model. The business process is completely free of who runs the activities along with the firms organizational structure. The above portion is the synopsis of the journal article named What is Business Process Design and Why Should I care? by Jay Cousin and Tony Stewart, RivCom Ltd. IN this article the author tries to provide the idea of the business process design and the application of the business process design. The authors try to evaluate the benefits of the business process design and to provide the explanation about the importance of the business process design in the running of the business effectively. As per the author, the business process vital is vital for ensuring the sustainability of the business organization as well as for the sustainable development of the organization. The business process can be understood by the business process model. That help in delivering something valuable to the consumer of the company. The article provides adequate knowledge about the business process design and its importance in the business. It provides the idea that efficiently designed business process help in improving the potentiality of the business as well as it supports the value chain of the company and helps in delivering value to the customers money thus it increases the customer's satisfaction. To understand the business process and the business process model is important to know what the company intend to deliver to their consumers and what value the customers. It supports in improving the business of the organization. References Cousins, J. and Stewart, T. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.rivers-family.info/resources/RivCom-WhatIsBPD-WhyShouldICare.pdf

Value Chain of the United Postal Services (UPS)

Introduction Today, the business environment is characterized by intensifying market entrants, rapid business environment dynamics, and technological innovations. This situation has continued to render the orthodox business models obsolete.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Value Chain of the United Postal Services (UPS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations that offer mailing and tracking services have experienced numerous challenges as they are a required to change their strategies periodically to align them with new technological means. Establishing a robust value chain guides the organization in integrating its primary and support activities to enhance customer satisfaction, loyalty, and retention. To achieve this strategic goal, organizations have embraced the use of integrated systems for both core and support activities. This paper presents the value chain analysis of the United States Postal Servic es by providing an in-depth analysis of its information systems used in the realization of its strategy. Value Chain Analysis Value chain analysis entails evaluating the contribution of each business activity that underpins the creation of product and service value in the organization (Laudon Laudon, 2010). According to Porter, there is a distinction between the primary and support activities of the organization. The primary activities encompass inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, and sales. On the other hand, the support services facilitate the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of the primary services. They entail procurement, technology, human resource management, and infrastructure development (Laudon Laudon, 2010). In a bid to execute the primary and support activities seamlessly, there is a need to employ integrated information systems that link the different activities together with a view of promoting the creation of value for product s and services. Primary Activities for UPS and Systems used The primary activities of the UPS comprise the core involvement in transforming the raw materials into the desired finished products and services. Inbound logistics entails material handling and warehousing. Operations include the manufacturing processes that entail turning inputs into outputs (Rapp Subramanian, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Outbound logistics is concerned with the processing of customer orders and distribution of the ordered finished products to the customers. Marketing and sales activities encompass the dissemination of information to the customers. Such information concerns the product and service promotions, pricing, and channel management. Services include various installations, repairs, and accessories. The UPS’s inbound and outbound logistics include the packaging of the cust omers’ mails, dropping, and delivery (Rapp Subramanian, 2010). The primary operation of the UPS entails planning various schedules including routes, courier requirements, time, and safe delivery of the mails to the customers. The marketing function of the UPS involves frequent customer deals and aggressive branding. The company prints logos on their trucking vehicles and uniforms for the mail delivery staff as a part of the marketing campaign. Additionally, it undertakes both electronic and outdoor advertising. Additional customer services include online interactions to take care of complaints, follow-ups, repairs, and suggestions (Rapp Subramanian, 2010). Support Activities for the UPS According to Rapp and Subramanian (2010), the support activities offered by the UPS include firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, and procurement. Porter posits that the support activities are meant for complementing the core activities of the organization. The infrastructure activities handle matters relating to finance, accounts preparation, and social affairs. The human resource (HR) for the UPS entails training, recruitment, and performance appraisal to promote a positive corporate culture of value creation and dedication. The UPS uses information technology (IT) to offer different delivery choices for the customers as a part of its prime competencies for developing a competitive edge against its rivals such as FedEx and the US Postal Services. The company’s information technology is integrated into its various segments including air, water, and land delivery services to provide reliable and timely distribution of packages.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Value Chain of the United Postal Services (UPS) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Information Systems for Primary and Support Activities The chief operations of the UPS include package delivery. To ensur e an improved delivery of products and services, the company utilizes an end-to-end tracking system that involves more than ten scan events on shipments from pickup to delivery. In addition, the company has proactive information systems that provide customers with real-time status of their deliveries (Rapp Subramanian, 2010). Customers also get text alerts concerning the routes, shipment status, and timeline of the progress of their packages. They can select the type of alerts that provide enough information about the status of their deliveries. Moreover, the United Postal Service provides various information systems to improve its value chain including the Delivery Sequence File (CDS), Electronic Verification System (eVS), Carrier Route Information System File, Bar-coding and Address Standardization (BAS), Delivery Point Validation (DVP), and Enhanced Line of Travel (eLOT) among others (Rapp Subramanian, 2010). For the support activities, the UPS has embraced a robust education s ystem to provide training for its workforce whose tasks entail mail handling, packaging, and distribution. The educational system seeks to instill skills to improve customer delivery services and provide optimum management training for effective practice (Laudon Laudon, 2010). Alignment of the Information Systems with the UPS Strategy The mission and vision statements guide the strategic goals and objectives of the United Postal Services. They outline the company’s goals of developing core competencies with a view of building competitive approaches to catapult the organization to success and customer value creation. The integrated systems embraced by the UPS align with its strategic objectives. The tracking information system seeks to attain particular goals including customer communication concerning the delivery status of their packages, mode of payment, and shipment schedules among others. The educational system provides relevant training for the UPS personnel in a bid to map the way towards establishing core competencies in product and service delivery. Training provides the employees with knowledge that upgrades their skills to remain abreast with the ever-changing industrial landscape due to shifts in technology and customer behavior (Laudon Laudon, 2010) Conclusion The essay has discussed the core and secondary activities that constitute the business of the United Postal Services. The nature of the business has posed a major challenge to the company owing to the ever-advancing, proactive, and innovative culture.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the advancement of the Internet has rendered most postal services obsolete. In light of e-transformation, the United States Postal Services has embraced technology to diversify and enhance its operations in a bid to meet new customer needs. To execute its package handling and delivery services among other services efficiently, the UPS has adopted a tech-savvy information system that conveys real-time information to its customers. This situation enables the customers gain access to the delivery status information about their shipments packages, schedules, and routes. The UPS also has an educational system that offers relevant training to upgrade its staff’s skills. The practice promotes relevance and competence among its workforce. These systems correspond to the company’s strategic objectives. Reference List Laudon, K., Laudon, J. (2010). Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy. Web. Rapp, W., Subramanian, H. (2010). Leveraging IT as a core com petency to enter new businesses: The UPS case. New Jersey, NJ: New Jersey Institute of Technology. This essay on Value Chain of the United Postal Services (UPS) was written and submitted by user Luciano O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.